Class: Material

Description of: Material

Class steward is Orders/Observation
Interested committees Patient Care
The Material class represents all physical and physiological things that are used, assessed, and acted upon in a service action. This includes pharmaceutical substances or disposeable supplies as well as durable medical equipment, prosteses, implantable devices, accesses, drains, literally everything.

Notably the material class includes facilities, such as immovable service locations or ambulances.

OpenIssue: There is some kind of problem with the name of this class and its associated relationship class. Also, there is some complexity with the connection to Location; this needs analysis and further work to determine the correct connection and structure. Considering changing Role relationships to service_resource class to subtyping.

Attribute definitions for: Material

danger_cd :: CD

A code signaling whether there are certain dangers or hazards associated with this material.

Concept Implies Code Definition tissue TIS The normal dangers associated with normal human or animal tissue. I.e. potential risk of unknown infections. Routine blood or excretions of humans and animals.

infectious INF Material known to be infectious with human pathogenic microorganisms. Those who handle this material must take precautions for their protection.

biohazard infectious BHZ Material contains microorganisms that is an environmental hazard. Must be handled with special care.

radioactive RAD Material is a source for ionizing radiation and must be handled with special care to avoid injury of those who handle it and to avoid environmental hazards.

poison POI Material is poisonous to humans. Special care must be taken to avoid incorporation, even of small amounts.

acid ACI Material is acid and may cause severe injury to human skin and eyes. Avoid any unprotected contact.

inflammable IFL Material is highly inflammable and in certain mixtures (with air) may lead to explosions. Keep away from fire, sparks and excessive heat.

explosive inflammable EXP Material is an explosive mixture. Keep away from fire, sparks, and heat.

desc :: ED

A free text description of the material. May contain multimedia, such as a drawing or image depicting the material. (e.g., Physician's Desk Reference® includes photographs of tablets.)

extent_tmr :: IVL<TS>

The time interval a certain material is in existence. The high boundary of this interval is the expiration date if it is defined for the material. Expiration dates does not always have a "day" component; therefore, such a date may be transmitted as YYYYMM.

form_cd :: CV

This is a classifier describing the form of the material. This includes the typical state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and, for therapeutic substances, the dose form.

handling_cd :: CD

A code to describe how the material needs to be handled to avoid damage. Example concepts / codes Concept Code Definition room temperature RMT Keep at room temperature, about 20 C body temperature BDT Keep at body temperature, about 36 to 37 C cool COO Keep cool at about 5 to 8 C frozen FRZ Keep frozen below 0 C deep frozen DFR Keep deep frozen, below 16 C nitrogen NTR Keep in liquid nitrogen dry DRY Keep in a dry environment dark DRK Protect against light no shock PSO Protect against shock upright UPR Keep upright, do not turn upside down no shake PSA Do not shake more

id :: SET<II>

As a substantive class reflecting physical entities, material has instance identifiers. Note that an instance identifier is a pure identifier and not a classifier. That means, this identifier is not used to store information about what kind or type of material this is. Ideally each entity will have only one identifier assigned to it, however, since different systems will maintain different material data bases, there may be different instance identifiers assigned by different systems.

Note that for serial numbers assigned by specific manufacturers, catalog numbers of specific distributors, or for inventory numbers issued by owners, the attribute Responsibility.material_id : SET<II> can also be used. This allows to more clearly express the fact that such a code is assigned by a specific party associated with that material. In any case, all values of Responsibility.material_id may occur in Material.id just as well.

lot_nbr :: ST

The lot number is the number printed on the label attached to the container holding the substance and on the packaging which houses the container. A lot is a collection of products produced in one cycle. This means, for instance, if one bottle of a lot is spoiled, chances are high that the entire lot is spoiled. Conversely, product defects that occur in routine production are likely to be contained in one lot. Note that a lot number is not meant to be a unique identifier, but is meaningful only when the product kind and manufacturer is also identified.

qty :: PQ

For many materials, the individual thing has no relevance. Especially continuously divisible forms come only in "amounts" rather than as individuals. There is a specific class of physical quantities that can be used for amounts, count (number), amount of substance, mass, and volume. This class of physical quantities is called "extensive”" quantities. A quantity is called extensive if it can be added up (if it is additive.) For example, if you have 1 gallon of water and you add another gallon of water, you wave two gallons of water, since volume is an additive quantity. By contrast, if you have one gallon of Glucose 5% and add to it another gallon of Glucose 5% you still have Glucose 5%, thus, mass fraction is not an additive (extensive) kind of quantity.

Only extensive quantities are permitted as elements of the Material.qty set. Typically the kinds of quantities shown in Table 34 will occur. Extensive quantities are simpler to deal with than intensive quantities. Extensive quantities are never fractions or ratios, no denominator can cancel out the units of a numerator, and therefore, with extensive quantities we can conclude the kind of quantity from the unit of measure.

Table 34: Kinds of quantities for amounts of material Kind of quantity Typical Unit Forms Examples Number 1 solid Material that is large enough that is can be counted (“eaches”) Mass 1 g liquid, solid Tissue, chemical substances, food. Amount of substance 1 mol all Chemical substances, small particles. Volume 1 L liquid, gas Chemical substances in liquid and gas state. Amorphic tissue. Length 1 m solid Long material measured in length, e.g., tape, pipes, hose, etc. Area 1 m2 solid Flat material measured in area, e.g., covers, foils, etc. Energy 1 J, 1 kcal solid, liquid Chemical substances, especially food. Catalytic amount 1 kat, 1 U, 1 i.U. all Enzymes and other chemical substances having catalytic activity. Radioactivity 1 Bq, 1 Cu all Radioactive substances. Reaction equivalent 1 Eq all Ionized chemical substances measured through titration. Deprecated, use proper amount of substance instead.

The Material.qty attribute permits to convey a collection of physical quantities. This collection feature must be used in the following way. When the set contains more than one quantity, the quantities must have different units. Furthermore, all quantities in the set must denote an equivalent amount. For example, for the material Glucose, we may specify an amount as the mass of 1 g. If we also want to specify the amount in amount of substance (moles) we must specify the equivalent of 1 g Glucose in mole, which is 5.556 mmol. For another example, if we specify the amount of a material Water as 1 L, and we want to provide a mass, the mass must be the mass of 1 L water, which is 1 kg.

status_cd :: CV

The status_cd tracks the state of the state-transition model of the material. This may be a rather trivial state-transition model, since the more concrete and detailed state-transition models may be assigned to the material role classes.

OpenIssue: This is a code state variable and needs example code values.

type_cd :: CD

This code describes what kind of material this is. It is an arbitrarily precise classification. We do not expect any single terminology to provide all concepts that are types of material, since it is simply too broad a domain. Instead of limiting the Material.type_cd to a single domain, we allow various code systems to be used, and thus, the actual domain of Material.type_cd becomes the union of all the possible code systems for material.

For example, specimen types (e.g., whole blood, serum, urine) can be used in this attribute. For chemicals, IUPAC codes might be used here. For arbitrary products one can use the Universal Product Code (UPC) code or a particular manufacturer’s serial number. For pharmacological substances yet another coding system may be applicable such as the U.S. National Drug Code (NDC.) The concept descriptor data type allows for multiple codes used as synonyms for each other, thus, one can specify an UPC code next to an NDC code and an IUPAC code.

Association definitions for: Material

is_the (0,1) :: Responsibility :: for (1,1)

participates_as (0,n) :: Service_target :: participation_of (0,1)

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Access :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

OpenIssue: Should this be a subtype iinstead of a role relatiionship.

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Container :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

OpenIssue: Should this be a subtype instead of a role relationship?

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Device :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Food :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

OpenIssue: Should this be a subtype instead of a role relationship?

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Specimen :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

OpenIssue: Should this be a subtype instead of a role relationship?

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Therapeutic_agent :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

takes_on_role_of (0,1) :: Master_patient_service_location :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

takes_on_role (0,1) :: Health_chart :: is_a_role_of (1,1)

is_subject_of (0,n) :: Service_list :: is_about (0,1)

is_source_for (0,n) :: Material_relationship :: has_source (1,1)

is_target_for (0,n) :: Material_relationship :: has_target (1,1)