Release 4

This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v4.0.1: R4 - Mixed Normative and STU) in it's permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). The current version which supercedes this version is 5.0.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R4B R4

Researchelementdefinition.profile.xml

Clinical Decision Support Work GroupMaturity Level: N/AStandards Status: InformativeCompartments: Not linked to any defined compartments

Raw XML (canonical form + also see XML Format Specification)

Jump past Narrative

StructureDefinition for researchelementdefinition

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<StructureDefinition xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir">
  <id value="ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
  <meta> 
    <lastUpdated value="2019-11-01T09:29:23.356+11:00"/> 
  </meta> 
  <text> 
    <status value="generated"/> 
    <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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        <tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top;">
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="The logical name of the element">Name</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Information about the use of the element">Flags</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Minimum and Maximum # of times the the element can appear in the instance">Card.</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="width: 100px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Reference to the type of the element">Type</a> 
          </th> 
          <th class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Additional information about the element">Description &amp; Constraints</a> 
            <span style="float: right">
              <a href="formats.html#table" title="Legend for this format">
                <img alt="doco" src="help16.png" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
              </a> 
            </span> 
          </th> 
        </tr> 
        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            AABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Resource"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition : The ResearchElementDefinition resource describes a &quot;PICO&quot;
             element that knowledge (evidence, assertion, recommendation) is about.">ResearchElementDefinition</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="conformance-rules.html#constraints" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element has or is affected by some invariants">I</a> 
            <a href="versions.html#std-process" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; border: 1px grey solid; font-weight: bold; color:
             black; background-color: #fff5e6" title="Standards Status = Trial Use">TU</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="domainresource.html">DomainResource</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">A population, intervention, or exposure definition
            <br/>  
            <span style="font-style: italic" title="red-0">+ Warning: Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing
               applications such as code generation</span> 
            <br/>  Elements defined in Ancestors: 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this
             value never changes.">id</a> , 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure.
             Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.">meta</a> , 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and
             which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an
             implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.">implicitRules</a> , 
            <a href="resource.html#Resource" title="The base language in which the resource is written.">language</a> , 
            <a href="domainresource.html#DomainResource" title="A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to
             represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the
             structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it &quot;clinically
             safe&quot; for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what
             content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.">text</a> , 
            <a href="domainresource.html#DomainResource" title="These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains
             them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent
             transaction scope.">contained</a> , 
            <a href="domainresource.html#DomainResource" title="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
             of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict
             set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer
             can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the
             definition of the extension.">extension</a> , 
            <a href="domainresource.html#DomainResource" title="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
             of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or
             the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide
             negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is
             a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any
             implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL
             be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource
             are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource
             (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).">modifierExtension</a> 
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.url : An absolute URI that is used to identify this research
             element definition when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or an instance;
             also called its canonical identifier. This SHOULD be globally unique and SHOULD be a literal
             address at which at which an authoritative instance of this research element definition
             is (or will be) published. This URL can be the target of a canonical reference. It SHALL
             remain the same when the research element definition is stored on different servers.">url</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.url"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#uri">uri</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Canonical identifier for this research element definition, represented as a URI (globally
             unique)</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
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          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier : A formal identifier that is used to identify this
             research element definition when it is represented in other formats, or referenced in
             a specification, model, design or an instance.">identifier</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#Identifier">Identifier</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Additional identifier for the research element definition
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.version : The identifier that is used to identify this version
             of the research element definition when it is referenced in a specification, model, design
             or instance. This is an arbitrary value managed by the research element definition author
             and is not expected to be globally unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g.
             yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not available. There is also no expectation that versions
             can be placed in a lexicographical sequence. To provide a version consistent with the
             Decision Support Service specification, use the format Major.Minor.Revision (e.g. 1.0.0).
             For more information on versioning knowledge assets, refer to the Decision Support Service
             specification. Note that a version is required for non-experimental active artifacts.">version</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.version"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Business version of the research element definition</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.name : A natural language name identifying the research element
             definition. This name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing
             applications such as code generation.">name</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.name"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
            <a href="conformance-rules.html#constraints" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element has or is affected by some invariants">I</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Name for this research element definition (computer friendly)</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6
          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.title : A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the research
             element definition.">title</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.title"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Name for this research element definition (human friendly)</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle : The short title provides an alternate title for
             use in informal descriptive contexts where the full, formal title is not necessary.">shortTitle</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Title for use in informal contexts</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6
          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle : An explanatory or alternate title for the ResearchElementDefini
            tion giving additional information about its content.">subtitle</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Subordinate title of the ResearchElementDefinition</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.status : The status of this research element definition. Enables
             tracking the life-cycle of the content.">status</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.status"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="conformance-rules.html#isModifier" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is a modifier element">?!</a> 
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">1..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#code">code</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">draft | active | retired | unknown
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-publication-status.html" title="The lifecycle status of an artifact.">PublicationStatus</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set.">Required</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6
          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental : A Boolean value to indicate that this research
             element definition is authored for testing purposes (or education/evaluation/marketing)
             and is not intended to be used for genuine usage.">experimental</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#boolean">boolean</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">For testing purposes, not real usage</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAMQfAGm6/idTd4yTmF+v8Xa37KvW+lyh3KHJ62aq41ee2bXZ98nm/2mt5W2Ck5XN/
            C1chEZieho8WXXA/2Gn4P39/W+y6V+l3qjP8Njt/lx2izxPYGyv51Oa1EJWZ////////yH5BAEAAB8ALAAAAAAQABAAAAWH4Cd+Xm
            l6Y0pCQts0EKp6GbYshaM/skhjhCChUmFIeL4OsHIxXRAISQTl6SgIG8+FgfBMoh2qtbLZQr0TQJhk3TC4pYPBApiyFVDEwSOf18U
            FXxMWBoUJBn9sDgmDewcJCRyJJBoEkRyYmAABPZQEAAOhA5seFDMaDw8BAQ9TpiokJyWwtLUhADs=" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Choice of Types"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.subject[x] : The intended subjects for the ResearchElementDefinition.
             If this element is not provided, a Patient subject is assumed, but the subject of the
             ResearchElementDefinition can be anything.">subject[x]</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.subject_x_"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">E.g. Patient, Practitioner, RelatedPerson, Organization, Location, Device
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-subject-type.html" title="The possible types of subjects for a measure (E.g. Patient, Practitioner, Organization,
             Location, etc.).">Subject type</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#extensible" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set if
             any of the codes within the value set can apply to the concept being communicated.  If
             the value set does not cover the concept (based on human review), alternate codings (or,
             data type allowing, text) may be included instead.">Extensible</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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          +5QQAAOCZBkurQFbnaRSlAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzMPbYccAgAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAMElEQVQ4y+3OQREAIBDDwA
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
            ad4Hb6dXv3u0f3v1ObEgfPTlerJiP3w1v79+e7OkPrfrfnjuNOtZPrpydaxa+/YrvvdpP779ZxvFPvnwKKBQaFyF/369M2vdaqHRP
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            szv3rye3LiPvnv+3MjPDasKiIS/789/3x2f747eXDg+7Mifvu0tu7f+/QkfDTnPXWmPrjsvrjtPbPgrqZW+/QlPz48K2EMv36866O
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            f3u0vrqyP3owPvepfXQivDQkO/PkKh9K7STVf779P///wD/ACH5BAEKAH8ALAAAAAAQABAAAAemgH+CgxeFF4OIhBdKGwFChYl/hY
            wbdkoBPnaQkosbG3d3VEpSUlonUoY1Gzo6QkI8SrGxWBOFG4uySgY5ZWR3PFy2hnaWZXC/PHcPwkpJk1ShoHcxhQEXSUmtFy6+0iS
            FVResrjoTPDzdcoU+F65CduVU6KAhhQa3F8Tx8nchBoYuqoTLZoAKFRIhqGwqJAULFx0GYpBQeChRIR4TJm6KJMhQRUSBAAA7" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type"/>  
            <span title="A concept that may be defined by a formal reference to a terminology or ontology or may
             be provided by text.">subjectCodeableConcept</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzME+lXFigAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+3OsRUAIAjEUO
            L+O8cJABttJM11/x1qZAGqRBEVcNIqdWj1efDqQbb3HwwwwEfABmQUHSPM9dtDAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxj
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            EOACEIA/0o/38GGw+agoXYeNnDJDCUDnd/gkoFKhWozJiZI3gLwY6rAgxhsPKTPUzycTl8lAryMyMsVQG6TFi6cHULyz8KOjC7OIQ
            KlQpU3uPjAwhX2CCcGsgOAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Reference to another Resource"/>  subjectReference
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="references.html#Reference">Reference</a> (
            <a href="group.html">Group</a> )
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.date : The date  (and optionally time) when the research element
             definition was published. The date must change when the business version changes and it
             must change if the status code changes. In addition, it should change when the substantive
             content of the research element definition changes.">date</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.date"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#dateTime">dateTime</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Date last changed</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher : The name of the organization or individual that
             published the research element definition.">publisher</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Name of the publisher (organization or individual)</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6
          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
            7/2VzQwoCY4iWbZSmo1QGoUgNMghvWaIejPQW/CrrNCylIwcOCDYfLNRcNer4SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
            ad4Hb6dXv3u0f3v1ObEgfPTlerJiP3w1v79+e7OkPrfrfnjuNOtZPrpydaxa+/YrvvdpP779ZxvFPvnwKKBQaFyF/369M2vdaqHRP
            z58/HNh/vowufFhfroxO3OkPrluv779tK0e6JzGProwvrow9m4eOnIifPTlPDPkP78+Naxaf3v0/zowfXRi+bFhLWUVv379/rnwPv
            szv3rye3LiPvnv+3MjPDasKiIS/789/3x2f747eXDg+7Mifvu0tu7f+/QkfDTnPXWmPrjsvrjtPbPgrqZW+/QlPz48K2EMv36866O
            UPvowat8Ivvgq/Pbrvzgq/PguvrgrqN0Gda2evfYm9+7d/rpw9q6e/LSku/Rl/XVl/LSlfrkt+zVqe7Wqv3x1/bNffbOf59wFdS6i
            f3u0vrqyP3owPvepfXQivDQkO/PkKh9K7STVf779P///wD/ACH5BAEKAH8ALAAAAAAQABAAAAemgH+CgxeFF4OIhBdKGwFChYl/hY
            wbdkoBPnaQkosbG3d3VEpSUlonUoY1Gzo6QkI8SrGxWBOFG4uySgY5ZWR3PFy2hnaWZXC/PHcPwkpJk1ShoHcxhQEXSUmtFy6+0iS
            FVResrjoTPDzdcoU+F65CduVU6KAhhQa3F8Tx8nchBoYuqoTLZoAKFRIhqGwqJAULFx0GYpBQeChRIR4TJm6KJMhQRUSBAAA7" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.contact : Contact details to assist a user in finding and communicating
             with the publisher.">contact</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.contact"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#ContactDetail">ContactDetail</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Contact details for the publisher
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.description : A free text natural language description of the
             research element definition from a consumer's perspective.">description</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.description"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#markdown">markdown</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Natural language description of the research element definition</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.comment : A human-readable string to clarify or explain concepts
             about the resource.">comment</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.comment"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Used for footnotes or explanatory notes
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzI3XJ6V3QAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAANklEQVQ4y+2RsQ0AIAzDav
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
            ad4Hb6dXv3u0f3v1ObEgfPTlerJiP3w1v79+e7OkPrfrfnjuNOtZPrpydaxa+/YrvvdpP779ZxvFPvnwKKBQaFyF/369M2vdaqHRP
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext : The content was developed with a focus and intent
             of supporting the contexts that are listed. These contexts may be general categories (gender,
             age, ...) or may be references to specific programs (insurance plans, studies, ...) and
             may be used to assist with indexing and searching for appropriate research element definition
             instances.">useContext</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#UsageContext">UsageContext</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">The context that the content is intended to support
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6
          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
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            szv3rye3LiPvnv+3MjPDasKiIS/789/3x2f747eXDg+7Mifvu0tu7f+/QkfDTnPXWmPrjsvrjtPbPgrqZW+/QlPz48K2EMv36866O
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction : A legal or geographic region in which the research
             element definition is intended to be used.">jurisdiction</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Intended jurisdiction for research element definition (if applicable)
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-jurisdiction.html" title="Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use.">Jurisdiction</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#extensible" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set if
             any of the codes within the value set can apply to the concept being communicated.  If
             the value set does not cover the concept (based on human review), alternate codings (or,
             data type allowing, text) may be included instead.">Extensible</a> )
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose : Explanation of why this research element definition
             is needed and why it has been designed as it has.">purpose</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#markdown">markdown</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Why this research element definition is defined</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6
          EEQAAgCsPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.usage : A detailed description, from a clinical perspective,
             of how the ResearchElementDefinition is used.">usage</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.usage"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Describes the clinical usage of the ResearchElementDefinition</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAL0lEQVR42u3XsQ0AQAgCQHdl/xn8jxvYWB3JlTR0VJLa+OltBwAAYP6EEQAAgC
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright : A copyright statement relating to the research element
             definition and/or its contents. Copyright statements are generally legal restrictions
             on the use and publishing of the research element definition.">copyright</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#markdown">markdown</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Use and/or publishing restrictions</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate : The date on which the resource content was approved
             by the publisher. Approval happens once when the content is officially approved for usage.">approvalDate</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#date">date</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">When the research element definition was approved by publisher</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate : The date on which the resource content was
             last reviewed. Review happens periodically after approval but does not change the original
             approval date.">lastReviewDate</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="datatypes.html#date">date</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod : The period during which the research element
             definition content was or is planned to be in active use.">effectivePeriod</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#Period">Period</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">When the research element definition is expected to be used</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.topic : Descriptive topics related to the content of the ResearchElementDe
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            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.topic"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">The category of the ResearchElementDefinition, such as Education, Treatment, Assessment,
             etc.
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-definition-topic.html" title="High-level categorization of the definition, used for searching, sorting, and filtering.">DefinitionTopic</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#example" title="Instances are not expected or even encouraged to draw from the specified value set.  The
             value set merely provides examples of the types of concepts intended to be included.">Example</a> )
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.author : An individiual or organization primarily involved in
             the creation and maintenance of the content.">author</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.author"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <a href="metadatatypes.html#ContactDetail">ContactDetail</a> 
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            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="metadatatypes.html#ContactDetail">ContactDetail</a> 
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <br/>  
          </td> 
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <a href="metadatatypes.html#ContactDetail">ContactDetail</a> 
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <br/>  
          </td> 
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
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          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#ContactDetail">ContactDetail</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact : Related artifacts such as additional documentation,
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#RelatedArtifact">RelatedArtifact</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxj
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.library : A reference to a Library resource containing the formal
             logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition.">library</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.library"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#canonical">canonical</a> (
            <a href="library.html">Library</a> )
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.type : The type of research element, a population, an exposure,
             or an outcome.">type</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.type"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">1..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#code">code</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">population | exposure | outcome
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-research-element-type.html" title="The possible types of research elements (E.g. Population, Exposure, Outcome).">ResearchElementType</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set.">Required</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
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          sPVYVAgIJrA/sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType : The type of the outcome (e.g. Dichotomous, Continuous,
             or Descriptive).">variableType</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#code">code</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">dichotomous | continuous | descriptive
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-variable-type.html" title="The possible types of variables for exposures or outcomes (E.g. Dichotomous, Continuous,
             Descriptive).">VariableType</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set.">Required</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
          BORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAAI0lEQVR42u3QIQEAAAACIL/6/4MvTAQOkLYBAAB4kAAAANwMad9AqkR
          jgNAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPQfAOvGUf7ztuvPMf/78/fkl/Pbg+u8Rvjqteu2Pf3zxPz36Pz0z+vTmPzurPvuw
            /npofbjquvNefHVduuyN+uuMu3Oafbgjfnqvf/3zv/3xevPi+vRjP/20/bmsP///wD/ACH5BAEKAB8ALAAAAAAQABAAAAVl4CeOZG
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic : A characteristic that defines the members of
             the research element. Multiple characteristics are applied with &quot;and&quot; semantics.">characteristic</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">1..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="backboneelement.html">BackboneElement</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What defines the members of the research element
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
          goAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAAACCAYAAACg/LjIAAAALElEQVR42u3QwQkAMAwDsezq/WdIO4XJQwa9DTdJpulv258AAMANIgAAADUPYA
          VAgAJ//usAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
            3RJTUUH3wYeFzIs1vtcMQAAAB1pVFh0Q29tbWVudAAAAAAAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVBkLmUHAAAAE0lEQVQI12P4//8/AxMDAw
            NdCABMPwMo2ctnoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: inherit"/> 
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAMQfAGm6/idTd4yTmF+v8Xa37KvW+lyh3KHJ62aq41ee2bXZ98nm/2mt5W2Ck5XN/
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x] : Define members of the research
             element using Codes (such as condition, medication, or observation), Expressions ( using
             an expression language such as FHIRPath or CQL) or DataRequirements (such as Diabetes
             diagnosis onset in the last year).">definition[x]</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition_x_"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="elementdefinition-definitions.html#ElementDefinition.isSummary" style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">1..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What code or expression defines members?</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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          AMwNgq0BWjZsKRgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)">
            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
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            UPvowat8Ivvgq/Pbrvzgq/PguvrgrqN0Gda2evfYm9+7d/rpw9q6e/LSku/Rl/XVl/LSlfrkt+zVqe7Wqv3x1/bNffbOf59wFdS6i
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            <span title="A concept that may be defined by a formal reference to a terminology or ontology or may
             be provided by text.">definitionCodeableConcept</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAWCAYAAAABxvaqAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            KlQpU3uPjAwhX2CCcGsgOAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Reference to another Resource"/>  definitionCanonical
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#canonical">canonical</a> (
            <a href="valueset.html">ValueSet</a> )
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

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            <span title="A expression that is evaluated in a specified context and returns a value. The context
             of use of the expression must specify the context in which the expression is evaluated,
             and how the result of the expression is used.">definitionExpression</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#Expression">Expression</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

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            <span title="Describes a required data item for evaluation in terms of the type of data, and optional
             code or date-based filters of the data.">definitionDataRequirement</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#DataRequirement">DataRequirement</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext : Use UsageContext to define the
             members of the population, such as Age Ranges, Genders, Settings.">usageContext</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..*</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="metadatatypes.html#UsageContext">UsageContext</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What code/value pairs define members?
            <br/>  
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude : When true, members with this characteristic
             are excluded from the element.">exclude</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#boolean">boolean</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Whether the characteristic includes or excludes members</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure : Specifies the UCUM unit for the
             outcome.">unitOfMeasure</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What unit is the outcome described in?
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-ucum-units.html" title="Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).">UCUM Codes</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set.">Required</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription : A narrative description
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            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What time period does the study cover</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x] : Indicates what effective
             period the study covers.">studyEffective[x]</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective_x_"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What time period does the study cover</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <span title="A date, date-time or partial date (e.g. just year or year + month).  If hours and minutes
             are specified, a time zone SHALL be populated. The format is a union of the schema types
             gYear, gYearMonth, date and dateTime. Seconds must be provided due to schema type constraints
             but may be zero-filled and may be ignored.                 Dates SHALL be valid dates.">studyEffectiveDateTime</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="datatypes.html#dateTime">dateTime</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

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            FVResrjoTPDzdcoU+F65CduVU6KAhhQa3F8Tx8nchBoYuqoTLZoAKFRIhqGwqJAULFx0GYpBQeChRIR4TJm6KJMhQRUSBAAA7" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type"/>  
            <span title="A time period defined by a start and end date and optionally time.">studyEffectivePeriod</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <a href="datatypes.html#Period">Period</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KG
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            <span title="A length of time.">studyEffectiveDuration</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="datatypes.html#Duration">Duration</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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        </tr> 

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            <span title="Specifies an event that may occur multiple times. Timing schedules are used to record
             when things are planned, expected or requested to occur. The most common usage is in dosage
             instructions for medications. They are also used when planning care of various kinds,
             and may be used for reporting the schedule to which past regular activities were carried
             out.">studyEffectiveTiming</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#Timing">Timing</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart : Indicates duration
             from the study initiation.">studyEffectiveTimeFromStart</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#Duration">Duration</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Observation time from study start</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure : Indicates how elements
             are aggregated within the study effective period.">studyEffectiveGroupMeasure</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#code">code</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-group-measure.html" title="Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median).">GroupMeasure</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set.">Required</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription : A narrative
             description of the time period the study covers.">participantEffectiveDescription</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="datatypes.html#string">string</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What time period do participants cover</td> 
        </tr> 

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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x] : Indicates what effective
             period the study covers.">participantEffective[x]</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective_x_"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">What time period do participants cover</td> 
        </tr> 

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            <span title="A date, date-time or partial date (e.g. just year or year + month).  If hours and minutes
             are specified, a time zone SHALL be populated. The format is a union of the schema types
             gYear, gYearMonth, date and dateTime. Seconds must be provided due to schema type constraints
             but may be zero-filled and may be ignored.                 Dates SHALL be valid dates.">participantEffectiveDateTime</span> 
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            <a href="datatypes.html#dateTime">dateTime</a> 
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            <span title="A time period defined by a start and end date and optionally time.">participantEffectivePeriod</span> 
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
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            <a href="datatypes.html#Period">Period</a> 
          </td> 
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            <span title="A length of time.">participantEffectiveDuration</span> 
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          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <a href="datatypes.html#Duration">Duration</a> 
          </td> 
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            <span title="Specifies an event that may occur multiple times. Timing schedules are used to record
             when things are planned, expected or requested to occur. The most common usage is in dosage
             instructions for medications. They are also used when planning care of various kinds,
             and may be used for reporting the schedule to which past regular activities were carried
             out.">participantEffectiveTiming</span> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#Timing">Timing</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAWCAYAAADJqhx8AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAPZ/APrkusOiYvvfqbiXWaV2G+jGhdq1b8GgYf3v1frw3vTUlsWkZNewbcSjY/DQk
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            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart : Indicates
             duration from the participant's study entry.">participantEffectiveTimeFromStart</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#Duration">Duration</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid;
           padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">Observation time from study start</td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7;">
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(data: image/png;base64,iV
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            <img alt="." class="hierarchy" src="data: image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAR
            klEQVQ4y2P8//8/AyWAhYFCMAgMuHjx4n+KXaCv+I0szW8WpCG8kFO1lGFKW/SIjAUYgxz/MzAwMDC+nqhDUTQyjuYFBgCNmhP4Ov
            TRgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type"/>  
            <span title="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure : Indicates
             how elements are aggregated within the study effective period.">participantEffectiveGroupMeasure</span> 
            <a name="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure"> </a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px"/> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">0..1</td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">
            <a href="datatypes.html#code">code</a> 
          </td> 
          <td class="hierarchy" style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0
           solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median
            <br/>  
            <a href="valueset-group-measure.html" title="Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median).">GroupMeasure</a>  (
            <a href="terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set.">Required</a> )
          </td> 
        </tr> 

        <tr> 
          <td class="hierarchy" colspan="5">
            <br/>  
            <a href="formats.html#table" title="Legend for this format">
              <img alt="doco" src="help16.png" style="background-color: inherit"/>  Documentation for this format
            </a> 
          </td> 
        </tr> 
      </table> 
    </div> 
  </text> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-category">
    <valueString value="Specialized.Evidence-Based Medicine"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-standards-status">
    <valueCode value="trial-use"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fmm">
    <valueInteger value="0"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-security-category">
    <valueCode value="business"/> 
  </extension> 
  <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-wg">
    <valueCode value="cds"/> 
  </extension> 
  <url value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
  <version value="4.0.1"/> 
  <name value="ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
  <status value="draft"/> 
  <date value="2019-11-01T09:29:23+11:00"/> 
  <publisher value="Health Level Seven International (Clinical Decision Support)"/> 
  <contact> 
    <telecom> 
      <system value="url"/> 
      <value value="http://hl7.org/fhir"/> 
    </telecom> 
  </contact> 
  <contact> 
    <telecom> 
      <system value="url"/> 
      <value value="http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/dss/index.cfm"/> 
    </telecom> 
  </contact> 
  <description value="The ResearchElementDefinition resource describes a &quot;PICO&quot; element that knowledge
   (evidence, assertion, recommendation) is about."/> 
  <purpose value="Need to be able to define and reuse the definition of individual elements of a research
   question."/> 
  <fhirVersion value="4.0.1"/> 
  <mapping> 
    <identity value="workflow"/> 
    <uri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/workflow"/> 
    <name value="Workflow Pattern"/> 
  </mapping> 
  <mapping> 
    <identity value="w5"/> 
    <uri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/fivews"/> 
    <name value="FiveWs Pattern Mapping"/> 
  </mapping> 
  <mapping> 
    <identity value="objimpl"/> 
    <uri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/object-implementation"/> 
    <name value="Object Implementation Information"/> 
  </mapping> 
  <mapping> 
    <identity value="rim"/> 
    <uri value="http://hl7.org/v3"/> 
    <name value="RIM Mapping"/> 
  </mapping> 
  <kind value="resource"/> 
  <abstract value="false"/> 
  <type value="ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
  <baseDefinition value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource">
    <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-codegen-super">
      <valueString value="MetadataResource"/> 
    </extension> 
  </baseDefinition> 
  <derivation value="specialization"/> 
  <snapshot> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <short value="A population, intervention, or exposure definition"/> 
      <definition value="The ResearchElementDefinition resource describes a &quot;PICO&quot; element that knowledge
       (evidence, assertion, recommendation) is about."/> 
      <comment value="PICO stands for Population (the population within which exposures are being compared),
       Intervention (the conditional state or exposure state being described for its effect on
       outcomes), Comparison (the alternative conditional state or alternative exposure state
       being compared against), and Outcome (the result or effect of the intervention in the
       population)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-2"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources"/> 
        <expression value="contained.contained.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(parent::f:contained and f:contained)"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-3"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere
         in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource"/> 
        <expression value="contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonica
        l) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(refer
        ence = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(c
        anonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(for $id in f:contained/*/f:id/@value return $contained[not(parent::*/descendant::f:refere
        nce/@value=concat('#', $contained/*/id/@value) or descendant::f:reference[@value='#'])]))"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-4"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or
         a meta.lastUpdated"/> 
        <expression value="contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:versionId)) and not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:lastUpdated))"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="dom-5"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label"/> 
        <expression value="contained.meta.security.empty()"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:security))"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice-explanation">
          <valueMarkdown value="When a resource has no narrative, only systems that fully understand the data can display
           the resource to a human safely. Including a human readable representation in the resource
           makes for a much more robust eco-system and cheaper handling of resources by intermediary
           systems. Some ecosystems restrict distribution of resources to only those systems that
           do fully understand the resources, and as a consequence implementers may believe that
           the narrative is superfluous. However experience shows that such eco-systems often open
           up to new participants over time."/> 
        </extension> 
        <key value="dom-6"/> 
        <severity value="warning"/> 
        <human value="A resource should have narrative for robust management"/> 
        <expression value="text.`div`.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:text/h:div)"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="red-0"/> 
        <severity value="warning"/> 
        <human value="Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications
         such as code generation"/> 
        <expression value="name.matches('[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}')"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:name/@value)) or matches(f:name/@value, '[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}')"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="Entity. Role, or Act"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.id">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.id"/> 
      <short value="Logical id of this artifact"/> 
      <definition value="The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this
       value never changes."/> 
      <comment value="The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the
       server using a create operation."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.id"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
    <!--  Note: special primitive values have a FHIRPath system type. e.g. this is compiler magic
       (j)  -->
      <type> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type">
          <valueUrl value="string"/> 
        </extension> 
        <code value="http://hl7.org/fhirpath/System.String"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.meta">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.meta"/> 
      <short value="Metadata about the resource"/> 
      <definition value="The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure.
       Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.meta"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Meta"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.implicitRules">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.implicitRules"/> 
      <short value="A set of rules under which this content was created"/> 
      <definition value="A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and
       which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an
       implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc."/> 
      <comment value="Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of
       trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term.
       However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define,
       collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers
       and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL
       is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of
       it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.implicitRules"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="uri"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional
       knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.language">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.language"/> 
      <short value="Language of the resource content"/> 
      <definition value="The base language in which the resource is written."/> 
      <comment value="Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as
       text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies 
       to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language
       of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has
       to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the
       narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on
       the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship
       between xml:lang and the html lang attribute)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Resource.language"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-maxValueSet">
          <valueCanonical value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="Language"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="preferred"/> 
        <description value="A human language."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.text">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.text"/> 
      <short value="Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation"/> 
      <definition value="A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to
       represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the
       structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it &quot;clinically
       safe&quot; for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what
       content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety."/> 
      <comment value="Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have
       a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional
       discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied).  This may be necessary
       for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a &quot;text blob&quot;
       or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added
       later."/> 
      <alias value="narrative"/> 
      <alias value="html"/> 
      <alias value="xhtml"/> 
      <alias value="display"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.text"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Narrative"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="Act.text?"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.contained">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.contained"/> 
      <short value="Contained, inline Resources"/> 
      <definition value="These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains
       them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent
       transaction scope."/> 
      <comment value="This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification
       is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained
       resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security
       labels."/> 
      <alias value="inline resources"/> 
      <alias value="anonymous resources"/> 
      <alias value="contained resources"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.contained"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Resource"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.extension">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.extension"/> 
      <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict
       set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer
       can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the
       definition of the extension."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.extension"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ext-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/> 
        <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.modifierExtension">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.modifierExtension"/> 
      <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or
       the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide
       negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is
       a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any
       implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL
       be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource
       are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource
       (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <requirements value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly
       distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This
       promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence
       of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](extensibility.ht
      ml#modifierExtension)."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="DomainResource.modifierExtension"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ext-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/> 
        <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource
       that contains them"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.url">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.url"/> 
      <short value="Canonical identifier for this research element definition, represented as a URI (globally
       unique)"/> 
      <definition value="An absolute URI that is used to identify this research element definition when it is referenced
       in a specification, model, design or an instance; also called its canonical identifier.
       This SHOULD be globally unique and SHOULD be a literal address at which at which an authoritative
       instance of this research element definition is (or will be) published. This URL can be
       the target of a canonical reference. It SHALL remain the same when the research element
       definition is stored on different servers."/> 
      <comment value="Can be a urn:uuid: or a urn:oid: but real http: addresses are preferred.  Multiple instances
       may share the same URL if they have a distinct version.

The determination of when to create a new version of a resource (same url, new version)
       vs. defining a new artifact is up to the author.  Considerations for making this decision
       are found in [Technical and Business Versions](resource.html#versions). 

In some cases, the resource can no longer be found at the stated url, but the url itself
       cannot change. Implementations can use the [meta.source](resource.html#meta) element to
       indicate where the current master source of the resource can be found."/> 
      <requirements value="Allows the research element definition to be referenced by a single globally unique identifier."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.url"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="uri"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.url"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.identifier"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier"/> 
      <short value="Additional identifier for the research element definition"/> 
      <definition value="A formal identifier that is used to identify this research element definition when it
       is represented in other formats, or referenced in a specification, model, design or an
       instance."/> 
      <comment value="Typically, this is used for identifiers that can go in an HL7 V3 II (instance identifier)
       data type, and can then identify this research element definition outside of FHIR, where
       it is not possible to use the logical URI."/> 
      <requirements value="Allows externally provided and/or usable business identifiers to be easily associated
       with the module."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Identifier"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.identifier"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.identifier"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.version">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.version"/> 
      <short value="Business version of the research element definition"/> 
      <definition value="The identifier that is used to identify this version of the research element definition
       when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or instance. This is an arbitrary
       value managed by the research element definition author and is not expected to be globally
       unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g. yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not
       available. There is also no expectation that versions can be placed in a lexicographical
       sequence. To provide a version consistent with the Decision Support Service specification,
       use the format Major.Minor.Revision (e.g. 1.0.0). For more information on versioning knowledge
       assets, refer to the Decision Support Service specification. Note that a version is required
       for non-experimental active artifacts."/> 
      <comment value="There may be different research element definition instances that have the same identifier
       but different versions.  The version can be appended to the url in a reference to allow
       a reference to a particular business version of the research element definition with the
       format [url]|[version]."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.version"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.version"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.version"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.name">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.name"/> 
      <short value="Name for this research element definition (computer friendly)"/> 
      <definition value="A natural language name identifying the research element definition. This name should
       be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code
       generation."/> 
      <comment value="The name is not expected to be globally unique. The name should be a simple alphanumeric
       type name to ensure that it is machine-processing friendly."/> 
      <requirements value="Support human navigation and code generation."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.name"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <condition value="inv-0"/> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.title">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.title"/> 
      <short value="Name for this research element definition (human friendly)"/> 
      <definition value="A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the research element definition."/> 
      <comment value="This name does not need to be machine-processing friendly and may contain punctuation,
       white-space, etc."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.title"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.title"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle"/> 
      <short value="Title for use in informal contexts"/> 
      <definition value="The short title provides an alternate title for use in informal descriptive contexts where
       the full, formal title is not necessary."/> 
      <requirements value="Need to be able to reference the content by a short description, but still provide a longer,
       more formal title for the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle"/> 
      <short value="Subordinate title of the ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <definition value="An explanatory or alternate title for the ResearchElementDefinition giving additional
       information about its content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.status">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.status"/> 
      <short value="draft | active | retired | unknown"/> 
      <definition value="The status of this research element definition. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the
       content."/> 
      <comment value="Allows filtering of research element definitions that are appropriate for use versus not."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.status"/> 
        <min value="1"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="This is labeled as &quot;Is Modifier&quot; because applications should not use a retired
       {{title}} without due consideration"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="PublicationStatus"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="The lifecycle status of an artifact."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/publication-status|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.status"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.status"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental"/> 
      <short value="For testing purposes, not real usage"/> 
      <definition value="A Boolean value to indicate that this research element definition is authored for testing
       purposes (or education/evaluation/marketing) and is not intended to be used for genuine
       usage."/> 
      <comment value="Allows filtering of research element definitions that are appropriate for use versus not."/> 
      <requirements value="Enables experimental content to be developed following the same lifecycle that would be
       used for a production-level research element definition."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="boolean"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.experimental"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.class"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.subject[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.subject[x]"/> 
      <short value="E.g. Patient, Practitioner, RelatedPerson, Organization, Location, Device"/> 
      <definition value="The intended subjects for the ResearchElementDefinition. If this element is not provided,
       a Patient subject is assumed, but the subject of the ResearchElementDefinition can be
       anything."/> 
      <comment value="The subject of the ResearchElementDefinition is critical in interpreting the criteria
       definitions, as the logic in the ResearchElementDefinitions is evaluated with respect
       to a particular subject. This corresponds roughly to the notion of a Compartment in that
       it limits what content is available based on its relationship to the subject. In CQL,
       this corresponds to the context declaration."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.subject[x]"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Reference"/> 
        <targetProfile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Group"/> 
      </type> 
      <meaningWhenMissing value="Patient"/> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="SubjectType"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="extensible"/> 
        <description value="The possible types of subjects for a measure (E.g. Patient, Practitioner, Organization,
         Location, etc.)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/subject-type"/> 
      </binding> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.subject"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.date">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.date"/> 
      <short value="Date last changed"/> 
      <definition value="The date  (and optionally time) when the research element definition was published. The
       date must change when the business version changes and it must change if the status code
       changes. In addition, it should change when the substantive content of the research element
       definition changes."/> 
      <comment value="Note that this is not the same as the resource last-modified-date, since the resource
       may be a secondary representation of the research element definition. Additional specific
       dates may be added as extensions or be found by consulting Provenances associated with
       past versions of the resource."/> 
      <alias value="Revision Date"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.date"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="dateTime"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.date"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.recorded"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher"/> 
      <short value="Name of the publisher (organization or individual)"/> 
      <definition value="The name of the organization or individual that published the research element definition."/> 
      <comment value="Usually an organization but may be an individual. The publisher (or steward) of the research
       element definition is the organization or individual primarily responsible for the maintenance
       and upkeep of the research element definition. This is not necessarily the same individual
       or organization that developed and initially authored the content. The publisher is the
       primary point of contact for questions or issues with the research element definition.
       This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context."/> 
      <requirements value="Helps establish the &quot;authority/credibility&quot; of the research element definition.
        May also allow for contact."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.publisher"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.witness"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.contact">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.contact"/> 
      <short value="Contact details for the publisher"/> 
      <definition value="Contact details to assist a user in finding and communicating with the publisher."/> 
      <comment value="May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.contact"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.contact"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.description">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.description"/> 
      <short value="Natural language description of the research element definition"/> 
      <definition value="A free text natural language description of the research element definition from a consumer's
       perspective."/> 
      <comment value="This description can be used to capture details such as why the research element definition
       was built, comments about misuse, instructions for clinical use and interpretation, literature
       references, examples from the paper world, etc. It is not a rendering of the research
       element definition as conveyed in the 'text' field of the resource itself. This item SHOULD
       be populated unless the information is available from context (e.g. the language of the
       research element definition is presumed to be the predominant language in the place the
       research element definition was created)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.description"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="markdown"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.description"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.comment">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.comment"/> 
      <short value="Used for footnotes or explanatory notes"/> 
      <definition value="A human-readable string to clarify or explain concepts about the resource."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.comment"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext"/> 
      <short value="The context that the content is intended to support"/> 
      <definition value="The content was developed with a focus and intent of supporting the contexts that are
       listed. These contexts may be general categories (gender, age, ...) or may be references
       to specific programs (insurance plans, studies, ...) and may be used to assist with indexing
       and searching for appropriate research element definition instances."/> 
      <comment value="When multiple useContexts are specified, there is no expectation that all or any of the
       contexts apply."/> 
      <requirements value="Assist in searching for appropriate content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="UsageContext"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.useContext"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction"/> 
      <short value="Intended jurisdiction for research element definition (if applicable)"/> 
      <definition value="A legal or geographic region in which the research element definition is intended to be
       used."/> 
      <comment value="It may be possible for the research element definition to be used in jurisdictions other
       than those for which it was originally designed or intended."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="Jurisdiction"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="extensible"/> 
        <description value="Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/jurisdiction"/> 
      </binding> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.jurisdiction"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose"/> 
      <short value="Why this research element definition is defined"/> 
      <definition value="Explanation of why this research element definition is needed and why it has been designed
       as it has."/> 
      <comment value="This element does not describe the usage of the research element definition. Instead,
       it provides traceability of ''why'' the resource is either needed or ''why'' it is defined
       as it is.  This may be used to point to source materials or specifications that drove
       the structure of this research element definition."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="markdown"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.purpose"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.why[x]"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.usage">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.usage"/> 
      <short value="Describes the clinical usage of the ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <definition value="A detailed description, from a clinical perspective, of how the ResearchElementDefinition
       is used."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.usage"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright"/> 
      <short value="Use and/or publishing restrictions"/> 
      <definition value="A copyright statement relating to the research element definition and/or its contents.
       Copyright statements are generally legal restrictions on the use and publishing of the
       research element definition."/> 
      <requirements value="Consumers must be able to determine any legal restrictions on the use of the research
       element definition and/or its content."/> 
      <alias value="License"/> 
      <alias value="Restrictions"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="markdown"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.copyright"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate"/> 
      <short value="When the research element definition was approved by publisher"/> 
      <definition value="The date on which the resource content was approved by the publisher. Approval happens
       once when the content is officially approved for usage."/> 
      <comment value="The 'date' element may be more recent than the approval date because of minor changes
       or editorial corrections."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="date"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.approvalDate"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate"/> 
      <short value="When the research element definition was last reviewed"/> 
      <definition value="The date on which the resource content was last reviewed. Review happens periodically
       after approval but does not change the original approval date."/> 
      <comment value="If specified, this date follows the original approval date."/> 
      <requirements value="Gives a sense of how &quot;current&quot; the content is.  Resources that have not been
       reviewed in a long time may have a risk of being less appropriate/relevant."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="date"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.lastReviewDate"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod"/> 
      <short value="When the research element definition is expected to be used"/> 
      <definition value="The period during which the research element definition content was or is planned to be
       in active use."/> 
      <comment value="The effective period for a research element definition  determines when the content is
       applicable for usage and is independent of publication and review dates. For example,
       a measure intended to be used for the year 2016 might be published in 2015."/> 
      <requirements value="Allows establishing a transition before a resource comes into effect and also allows for
       a sunsetting  process when new versions of the research element definition are or are
       expected to be used instead."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Period"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.effectivePeriod"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.topic">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.topic"/> 
      <short value="The category of the ResearchElementDefinition, such as Education, Treatment, Assessment,
       etc."/> 
      <definition value="Descriptive topics related to the content of the ResearchElementDefinition. Topics provide
       a high-level categorization grouping types of ResearchElementDefinitions that can be useful
       for filtering and searching."/> 
      <requirements value="Repositories must be able to determine how to categorize the ResearchElementDefinition
       so that it can be found by topical searches."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.topic"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="DefinitionTopic"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="example"/> 
        <description value="High-level categorization of the definition, used for searching, sorting, and filtering."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/definition-topic"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.author">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.author"/> 
      <short value="Who authored the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individiual or organization primarily involved in the creation and maintenance of the
       content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.author"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value=".participation[typeCode=AUT]"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.editor">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.editor"/> 
      <short value="Who edited the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individual or organization primarily responsible for internal coherence of the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.editor"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer"/> 
      <short value="Who reviewed the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individual or organization primarily responsible for review of some aspect of the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value=".participation[typeCode=VRF] {not clear whether VRF best corresponds to reviewer or endorser}"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.endorser">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.endorser"/> 
      <short value="Who endorsed the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individual or organization responsible for officially endorsing the content for use
       in some setting."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.endorser"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value=".participation[typeCode=VRF] {not clear whether VRF best corresponds to reviewer or endorser}"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact"/> 
      <short value="Additional documentation, citations, etc."/> 
      <definition value="Related artifacts such as additional documentation, justification, or bibliographic references."/> 
      <comment value="Each related artifact is either an attachment, or a reference to another resource, but
       not both."/> 
      <requirements value="ResearchElementDefinitions must be able to provide enough information for consumers of
       the content (and/or interventions or results produced by the content) to be able to determine
       and understand the justification for and evidence in support of the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="RelatedArtifact"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.library">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.library"/> 
      <short value="Logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <definition value="A reference to a Library resource containing the formal logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.library"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="canonical"/> 
        <targetProfile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Library"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.type">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.type"/> 
      <short value="population | exposure | outcome"/> 
      <definition value="The type of research element, a population, an exposure, or an outcome."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.type"/> 
        <min value="1"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="ResearchElementType"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="The possible types of research elements (E.g. Population, Exposure, Outcome)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/research-element-type|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType"/> 
      <short value="dichotomous | continuous | descriptive"/> 
      <definition value="The type of the outcome (e.g. Dichotomous, Continuous, or Descriptive)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="VariableType"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="The possible types of variables for exposures or outcomes (E.g. Dichotomous, Continuous,
         Descriptive)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/variable-type|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic"/> 
      <short value="What defines the members of the research element"/> 
      <definition value="A characteristic that defines the members of the research element. Multiple characteristics
       are applied with &quot;and&quot; semantics."/> 
      <comment value="Characteristics can be defined flexibly to accommodate different use cases for membership
       criteria, ranging from simple codes, all the way to using an expression language to express
       the criteria."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic"/> 
        <min value="1"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="BackboneElement"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.id">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.id"/> 
      <representation value="xmlAttr"/> 
      <short value="Unique id for inter-element referencing"/> 
      <definition value="Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any
       string value that does not contain spaces."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Element.id"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
    <!--  Note: special primitive values have a FHIRPath system type. e.g. this is compiler magic
       (j)  -->
      <type> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type">
          <valueUrl value="string"/> 
        </extension> 
        <code value="http://hl7.org/fhirpath/System.String"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="n/a"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.extension">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.extension"/> 
      <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set
       of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer
       can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the
       definition of the extension."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="Element.extension"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ext-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/> 
        <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="n/a"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.modifierExtension">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.modifierExtension"/> 
      <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized"/> 
      <definition value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition
       of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained
       and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements
       provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable,
       there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though
       any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be
       met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are
       required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource
       (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/> 
      <comment value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project,
       or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.
        The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of
       simplicity for everyone."/> 
      <requirements value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly
       distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This
       promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence
       of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](extensibility.ht
      ml#modifierExtension)."/> 
      <alias value="extensions"/> 
      <alias value="user content"/> 
      <alias value="modifiers"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="BackboneElement.modifierExtension"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Extension"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ext-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/> 
        <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/> 
        <xpath value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element
       that contains them"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value="N/A"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]"/> 
      <short value="What code or expression defines members?"/> 
      <definition value="Define members of the research element using Codes (such as condition, medication, or
       observation), Expressions ( using an expression language such as FHIRPath or CQL) or DataRequirement
      s (such as Diabetes diagnosis onset in the last year)."/> 
      <requirements value="Need to be able to define members in simple codes when the membership aligns well with
       terminology, with common criteria such as observations in a value set or lab tests within
       a year, or with expression language to support criteria that do not fit in the above."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]"/> 
        <min value="1"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="canonical"/> 
        <targetProfile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ValueSet"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Expression"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="DataRequirement"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext"/> 
      <short value="What code/value pairs define members?"/> 
      <definition value="Use UsageContext to define the members of the population, such as Age Ranges, Genders,
       Settings."/> 
      <requirements value="Need to be able to define members more structurally when more information can be communicated
       such as age range."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="*"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="UsageContext"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude"/> 
      <short value="Whether the characteristic includes or excludes members"/> 
      <definition value="When true, members with this characteristic are excluded from the element."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="boolean"/> 
      </type> 
      <meaningWhenMissing value="False"/> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure"/> 
      <short value="What unit is the outcome described in?"/> 
      <definition value="Specifies the UCUM unit for the outcome."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="UCUMUnits"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-units|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription"/> 
      <short value="What time period does the study cover"/> 
      <definition value="A narrative description of the time period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]"/> 
      <short value="What time period does the study cover"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates what effective period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="dateTime"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Period"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Timing"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart"/> 
      <short value="Observation time from study start"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates duration from the study initiation."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure"/> 
      <short value="mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates how elements are aggregated within the study effective period."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="GroupMeasure"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-measure|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription"/> 
      <short value="What time period do participants cover"/> 
      <definition value="A narrative description of the time period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]"/> 
      <short value="What time period do participants cover"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates what effective period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="dateTime"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Period"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Timing"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart"/> 
      <short value="Observation time from study start"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates duration from the participant's study entry."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure"/> 
      <short value="mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates how elements are aggregated within the study effective period."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <base> 
        <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure"/> 
        <min value="0"/> 
        <max value="1"/> 
      </base> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="ele-1"/> 
        <severity value="error"/> 
        <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/> 
        <expression value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/> 
        <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/> 
        <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <isModifier value="false"/> 
      <isSummary value="false"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="GroupMeasure"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-measure|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
  </snapshot> 
  <differential> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <short value="A population, intervention, or exposure definition"/> 
      <definition value="The ResearchElementDefinition resource describes a &quot;PICO&quot; element that knowledge
       (evidence, assertion, recommendation) is about."/> 
      <comment value="PICO stands for Population (the population within which exposures are being compared),
       Intervention (the conditional state or exposure state being described for its effect on
       outcomes), Comparison (the alternative conditional state or alternative exposure state
       being compared against), and Outcome (the result or effect of the intervention in the
       population)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <constraint> 
        <key value="red-0"/> 
        <severity value="warning"/> 
        <human value="Name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications
         such as code generation"/> 
        <expression value="name.matches('[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}')"/> 
        <xpath value="not(exists(f:name/@value)) or matches(f:name/@value, '[A-Z]([A-Za-z0-9_]){0,254}')"/> 
      </constraint> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.url">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.url"/> 
      <short value="Canonical identifier for this research element definition, represented as a URI (globally
       unique)"/> 
      <definition value="An absolute URI that is used to identify this research element definition when it is referenced
       in a specification, model, design or an instance; also called its canonical identifier.
       This SHOULD be globally unique and SHOULD be a literal address at which at which an authoritative
       instance of this research element definition is (or will be) published. This URL can be
       the target of a canonical reference. It SHALL remain the same when the research element
       definition is stored on different servers."/> 
      <comment value="Can be a urn:uuid: or a urn:oid: but real http: addresses are preferred.  Multiple instances
       may share the same URL if they have a distinct version.

The determination of when to create a new version of a resource (same url, new version)
       vs. defining a new artifact is up to the author.  Considerations for making this decision
       are found in [Technical and Business Versions](resource.html#versions). 

In some cases, the resource can no longer be found at the stated url, but the url itself
       cannot change. Implementations can use the [meta.source](resource.html#meta) element to
       indicate where the current master source of the resource can be found."/> 
      <requirements value="Allows the research element definition to be referenced by a single globally unique identifier."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="uri"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.url"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.identifier"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.identifier"/> 
      <short value="Additional identifier for the research element definition"/> 
      <definition value="A formal identifier that is used to identify this research element definition when it
       is represented in other formats, or referenced in a specification, model, design or an
       instance."/> 
      <comment value="Typically, this is used for identifiers that can go in an HL7 V3 II (instance identifier)
       data type, and can then identify this research element definition outside of FHIR, where
       it is not possible to use the logical URI."/> 
      <requirements value="Allows externally provided and/or usable business identifiers to be easily associated
       with the module."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Identifier"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.identifier"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.identifier"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.version">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.version"/> 
      <short value="Business version of the research element definition"/> 
      <definition value="The identifier that is used to identify this version of the research element definition
       when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or instance. This is an arbitrary
       value managed by the research element definition author and is not expected to be globally
       unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g. yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not
       available. There is also no expectation that versions can be placed in a lexicographical
       sequence. To provide a version consistent with the Decision Support Service specification,
       use the format Major.Minor.Revision (e.g. 1.0.0). For more information on versioning knowledge
       assets, refer to the Decision Support Service specification. Note that a version is required
       for non-experimental active artifacts."/> 
      <comment value="There may be different research element definition instances that have the same identifier
       but different versions.  The version can be appended to the url in a reference to allow
       a reference to a particular business version of the research element definition with the
       format [url]|[version]."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.version"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.version"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.name">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.name"/> 
      <short value="Name for this research element definition (computer friendly)"/> 
      <definition value="A natural language name identifying the research element definition. This name should
       be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code
       generation."/> 
      <comment value="The name is not expected to be globally unique. The name should be a simple alphanumeric
       type name to ensure that it is machine-processing friendly."/> 
      <requirements value="Support human navigation and code generation."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <condition value="inv-0"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.title">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.title"/> 
      <short value="Name for this research element definition (human friendly)"/> 
      <definition value="A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the research element definition."/> 
      <comment value="This name does not need to be machine-processing friendly and may contain punctuation,
       white-space, etc."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.title"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.shortTitle"/> 
      <short value="Title for use in informal contexts"/> 
      <definition value="The short title provides an alternate title for use in informal descriptive contexts where
       the full, formal title is not necessary."/> 
      <requirements value="Need to be able to reference the content by a short description, but still provide a longer,
       more formal title for the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.subtitle"/> 
      <short value="Subordinate title of the ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <definition value="An explanatory or alternate title for the ResearchElementDefinition giving additional
       information about its content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.status">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.status"/> 
      <short value="draft | active | retired | unknown"/> 
      <definition value="The status of this research element definition. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the
       content."/> 
      <comment value="Allows filtering of research element definitions that are appropriate for use versus not."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <isModifier value="true"/> 
      <isModifierReason value="This is labeled as &quot;Is Modifier&quot; because applications should not use a retired
       {{title}} without due consideration"/> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="PublicationStatus"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="The lifecycle status of an artifact."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/publication-status|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.status"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.status"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.experimental"/> 
      <short value="For testing purposes, not real usage"/> 
      <definition value="A Boolean value to indicate that this research element definition is authored for testing
       purposes (or education/evaluation/marketing) and is not intended to be used for genuine
       usage."/> 
      <comment value="Allows filtering of research element definitions that are appropriate for use versus not."/> 
      <requirements value="Enables experimental content to be developed following the same lifecycle that would be
       used for a production-level research element definition."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="boolean"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.experimental"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.class"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.subject[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.subject[x]"/> 
      <short value="E.g. Patient, Practitioner, RelatedPerson, Organization, Location, Device"/> 
      <definition value="The intended subjects for the ResearchElementDefinition. If this element is not provided,
       a Patient subject is assumed, but the subject of the ResearchElementDefinition can be
       anything."/> 
      <comment value="The subject of the ResearchElementDefinition is critical in interpreting the criteria
       definitions, as the logic in the ResearchElementDefinitions is evaluated with respect
       to a particular subject. This corresponds roughly to the notion of a Compartment in that
       it limits what content is available based on its relationship to the subject. In CQL,
       this corresponds to the context declaration."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Reference"/> 
        <targetProfile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Group"/> 
      </type> 
      <meaningWhenMissing value="Patient"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="SubjectType"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="extensible"/> 
        <description value="The possible types of subjects for a measure (E.g. Patient, Practitioner, Organization,
         Location, etc.)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/subject-type"/> 
      </binding> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.subject"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.date">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.date"/> 
      <short value="Date last changed"/> 
      <definition value="The date  (and optionally time) when the research element definition was published. The
       date must change when the business version changes and it must change if the status code
       changes. In addition, it should change when the substantive content of the research element
       definition changes."/> 
      <comment value="Note that this is not the same as the resource last-modified-date, since the resource
       may be a secondary representation of the research element definition. Additional specific
       dates may be added as extensions or be found by consulting Provenances associated with
       past versions of the resource."/> 
      <alias value="Revision Date"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="dateTime"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.date"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.recorded"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.publisher"/> 
      <short value="Name of the publisher (organization or individual)"/> 
      <definition value="The name of the organization or individual that published the research element definition."/> 
      <comment value="Usually an organization but may be an individual. The publisher (or steward) of the research
       element definition is the organization or individual primarily responsible for the maintenance
       and upkeep of the research element definition. This is not necessarily the same individual
       or organization that developed and initially authored the content. The publisher is the
       primary point of contact for questions or issues with the research element definition.
       This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context."/> 
      <requirements value="Helps establish the &quot;authority/credibility&quot; of the research element definition.
        May also allow for contact."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.publisher"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.witness"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.contact">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.contact"/> 
      <short value="Contact details for the publisher"/> 
      <definition value="Contact details to assist a user in finding and communicating with the publisher."/> 
      <comment value="May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.contact"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.description">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.description"/> 
      <short value="Natural language description of the research element definition"/> 
      <definition value="A free text natural language description of the research element definition from a consumer's
       perspective."/> 
      <comment value="This description can be used to capture details such as why the research element definition
       was built, comments about misuse, instructions for clinical use and interpretation, literature
       references, examples from the paper world, etc. It is not a rendering of the research
       element definition as conveyed in the 'text' field of the resource itself. This item SHOULD
       be populated unless the information is available from context (e.g. the language of the
       research element definition is presumed to be the predominant language in the place the
       research element definition was created)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="markdown"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.description"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.comment">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.comment"/> 
      <short value="Used for footnotes or explanatory notes"/> 
      <definition value="A human-readable string to clarify or explain concepts about the resource."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.useContext"/> 
      <short value="The context that the content is intended to support"/> 
      <definition value="The content was developed with a focus and intent of supporting the contexts that are
       listed. These contexts may be general categories (gender, age, ...) or may be references
       to specific programs (insurance plans, studies, ...) and may be used to assist with indexing
       and searching for appropriate research element definition instances."/> 
      <comment value="When multiple useContexts are specified, there is no expectation that all or any of the
       contexts apply."/> 
      <requirements value="Assist in searching for appropriate content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="UsageContext"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.useContext"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction"/> 
      <short value="Intended jurisdiction for research element definition (if applicable)"/> 
      <definition value="A legal or geographic region in which the research element definition is intended to be
       used."/> 
      <comment value="It may be possible for the research element definition to be used in jurisdictions other
       than those for which it was originally designed or intended."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="Jurisdiction"/> 
        </extension> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding">
          <valueBoolean value="true"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="extensible"/> 
        <description value="Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/jurisdiction"/> 
      </binding> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.jurisdiction"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.purpose"/> 
      <short value="Why this research element definition is defined"/> 
      <definition value="Explanation of why this research element definition is needed and why it has been designed
       as it has."/> 
      <comment value="This element does not describe the usage of the research element definition. Instead,
       it provides traceability of ''why'' the resource is either needed or ''why'' it is defined
       as it is.  This may be used to point to source materials or specifications that drove
       the structure of this research element definition."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="markdown"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.purpose"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="w5"/> 
        <map value="FiveWs.why[x]"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.usage">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.usage"/> 
      <short value="Describes the clinical usage of the ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <definition value="A detailed description, from a clinical perspective, of how the ResearchElementDefinition
       is used."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.copyright"/> 
      <short value="Use and/or publishing restrictions"/> 
      <definition value="A copyright statement relating to the research element definition and/or its contents.
       Copyright statements are generally legal restrictions on the use and publishing of the
       research element definition."/> 
      <requirements value="Consumers must be able to determine any legal restrictions on the use of the research
       element definition and/or its content."/> 
      <alias value="License"/> 
      <alias value="Restrictions"/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="markdown"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.copyright"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate"/> 
      <short value="When the research element definition was approved by publisher"/> 
      <definition value="The date on which the resource content was approved by the publisher. Approval happens
       once when the content is officially approved for usage."/> 
      <comment value="The 'date' element may be more recent than the approval date because of minor changes
       or editorial corrections."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="date"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.approvalDate"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate"/> 
      <short value="When the research element definition was last reviewed"/> 
      <definition value="The date on which the resource content was last reviewed. Review happens periodically
       after approval but does not change the original approval date."/> 
      <comment value="If specified, this date follows the original approval date."/> 
      <requirements value="Gives a sense of how &quot;current&quot; the content is.  Resources that have not been
       reviewed in a long time may have a risk of being less appropriate/relevant."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="date"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.lastReviewDate"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod"/> 
      <short value="When the research element definition is expected to be used"/> 
      <definition value="The period during which the research element definition content was or is planned to be
       in active use."/> 
      <comment value="The effective period for a research element definition  determines when the content is
       applicable for usage and is independent of publication and review dates. For example,
       a measure intended to be used for the year 2016 might be published in 2015."/> 
      <requirements value="Allows establishing a transition before a resource comes into effect and also allows for
       a sunsetting  process when new versions of the research element definition are or are
       expected to be used instead."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Period"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="workflow"/> 
        <map value="Definition.effectivePeriod"/> 
      </mapping> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="objimpl"/> 
        <map value="no-gen-base"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.topic">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.topic"/> 
      <short value="The category of the ResearchElementDefinition, such as Education, Treatment, Assessment,
       etc."/> 
      <definition value="Descriptive topics related to the content of the ResearchElementDefinition. Topics provide
       a high-level categorization grouping types of ResearchElementDefinitions that can be useful
       for filtering and searching."/> 
      <requirements value="Repositories must be able to determine how to categorize the ResearchElementDefinition
       so that it can be found by topical searches."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="DefinitionTopic"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="example"/> 
        <description value="High-level categorization of the definition, used for searching, sorting, and filtering."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/definition-topic"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.author">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.author"/> 
      <short value="Who authored the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individiual or organization primarily involved in the creation and maintenance of the
       content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value=".participation[typeCode=AUT]"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.editor">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.editor"/> 
      <short value="Who edited the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individual or organization primarily responsible for internal coherence of the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer"/> 
      <short value="Who reviewed the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individual or organization primarily responsible for review of some aspect of the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value=".participation[typeCode=VRF] {not clear whether VRF best corresponds to reviewer or endorser}"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.endorser">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.endorser"/> 
      <short value="Who endorsed the content"/> 
      <definition value="An individual or organization responsible for officially endorsing the content for use
       in some setting."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="ContactDetail"/> 
      </type> 
      <mapping> 
        <identity value="rim"/> 
        <map value=".participation[typeCode=VRF] {not clear whether VRF best corresponds to reviewer or endorser}"/> 
      </mapping> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact"/> 
      <short value="Additional documentation, citations, etc."/> 
      <definition value="Related artifacts such as additional documentation, justification, or bibliographic references."/> 
      <comment value="Each related artifact is either an attachment, or a reference to another resource, but
       not both."/> 
      <requirements value="ResearchElementDefinitions must be able to provide enough information for consumers of
       the content (and/or interventions or results produced by the content) to be able to determine
       and understand the justification for and evidence in support of the content."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="RelatedArtifact"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.library">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.library"/> 
      <short value="Logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition"/> 
      <definition value="A reference to a Library resource containing the formal logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="canonical"/> 
        <targetProfile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Library"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.type">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.type"/> 
      <short value="population | exposure | outcome"/> 
      <definition value="The type of research element, a population, an exposure, or an outcome."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="ResearchElementType"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="The possible types of research elements (E.g. Population, Exposure, Outcome)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/research-element-type|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.variableType"/> 
      <short value="dichotomous | continuous | descriptive"/> 
      <definition value="The type of the outcome (e.g. Dichotomous, Continuous, or Descriptive)."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="VariableType"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="The possible types of variables for exposures or outcomes (E.g. Dichotomous, Continuous,
         Descriptive)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/variable-type|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic"/> 
      <short value="What defines the members of the research element"/> 
      <definition value="A characteristic that defines the members of the research element. Multiple characteristics
       are applied with &quot;and&quot; semantics."/> 
      <comment value="Characteristics can be defined flexibly to accommodate different use cases for membership
       criteria, ranging from simple codes, all the way to using an expression language to express
       the criteria."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="BackboneElement"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]"/> 
      <short value="What code or expression defines members?"/> 
      <definition value="Define members of the research element using Codes (such as condition, medication, or
       observation), Expressions ( using an expression language such as FHIRPath or CQL) or DataRequirement
      s (such as Diabetes diagnosis onset in the last year)."/> 
      <requirements value="Need to be able to define members in simple codes when the membership aligns well with
       terminology, with common criteria such as observations in a value set or lab tests within
       a year, or with expression language to support criteria that do not fit in the above."/> 
      <min value="1"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="canonical"/> 
        <targetProfile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ValueSet"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Expression"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="DataRequirement"/> 
      </type> 
      <isSummary value="true"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext"/> 
      <short value="What code/value pairs define members?"/> 
      <definition value="Use UsageContext to define the members of the population, such as Age Ranges, Genders,
       Settings."/> 
      <requirements value="Need to be able to define members more structurally when more information can be communicated
       such as age range."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="*"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="UsageContext"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude"/> 
      <short value="Whether the characteristic includes or excludes members"/> 
      <definition value="When true, members with this characteristic are excluded from the element."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="boolean"/> 
      </type> 
      <meaningWhenMissing value="False"/> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure"/> 
      <short value="What unit is the outcome described in?"/> 
      <definition value="Specifies the UCUM unit for the outcome."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="CodeableConcept"/> 
      </type> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="UCUMUnits"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-units|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription"/> 
      <short value="What time period does the study cover"/> 
      <definition value="A narrative description of the time period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]"/> 
      <short value="What time period does the study cover"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates what effective period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="dateTime"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Period"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Timing"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart"/> 
      <short value="Observation time from study start"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates duration from the study initiation."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure"/> 
      <short value="mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates how elements are aggregated within the study effective period."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="GroupMeasure"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-measure|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription"/> 
      <short value="What time period do participants cover"/> 
      <definition value="A narrative description of the time period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="string"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]"/> 
      <short value="What time period do participants cover"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates what effective period the study covers."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="dateTime"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Period"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Timing"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveTimeFromStart"/> 
      <short value="Observation time from study start"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates duration from the participant's study entry."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="Duration"/> 
      </type> 
    </element> 
    <element id="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure">
      <path value="ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveGroupMeasure"/> 
      <short value="mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median"/> 
      <definition value="Indicates how elements are aggregated within the study effective period."/> 
      <min value="0"/> 
      <max value="1"/> 
      <type> 
        <code value="code"/> 
      </type> 
      <binding> 
        <extension url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
          <valueString value="GroupMeasure"/> 
        </extension> 
        <strength value="required"/> 
        <description value="Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median)."/> 
        <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-measure|4.0.1"/> 
      </binding> 
    </element> 
  </differential> 
</StructureDefinition> 

Usage note: every effort has been made to ensure that the examples are correct and useful, but they are not a normative part of the specification.